U.S. Public Pension Funding Gaps to Widen Under New Rules
By Darrell Preston
June 27, 2014 - Bloomberg
Some U.S. public pensions, which lack savings for $1.4 trillion of promises
to retired government workers, will record wider gaps in fiscal years starting
after July 1 because of changes in accounting rules.
Pensions in Illinois, Kentucky, Pennsylvania and other states will see funded levels decline,
in some cases by more than half, as they comply with new Governmental
Accounting Standards Board rules that for the first time will require future
pension costs to be included on balance sheets and change how they must
calculate their underfunding.
The new rules wonft affect the amount that states and municipalities actually
owe, though they could prompt them to address their underfunding, said Dean
Mead, research manager at the Norwalk, Connecticut-based board known as GASB,
which makes accounting rules used by most governments. The changes may force
some states to cut borrowing or spending.
gIt could affect their policy decisions,h Mead said in a telephone interview.
gItfs their choice how to react to the new numbers.h
Under the new rules, governments will have to calculate an estimate of how
much they owe for future pension liabilities and put that on their balance
sheets. Under current rules they put estimates in footnotes on financial
statements. Some plans predicted to run out of money will have to lower
investment return assumptions used in calculating their future costs, making
their liability seem larger.
Funding Adjustments
gThey may not want to discuss these numbers,h said Keith Brainard, the
Georgetown, Texas-based research director with the National Association of State
Retirement Administrators inWashington. gBecause of these new numbers, some policy
makers will make funding adjustments so they wonft look so bad.h
Teachers Retirement System of the State of Illinois could see its
funded level decline to 17.5 percent from 48.4 percent under the changes,
according to 2012 estimates from the Center for Retirement Research at Boston
College.
Illinois Teachers doesnft agree with the estimates, said spokesman Dave
Urbanek. The only effect of the new GASB rules will be that the fund will have
to report a new number. Though the pension has earned 9 percent on average in
the past 30 years, the state has never fully funded the plan since it was
created in 1939, he said.
gWe will have a full range of unfunded liabilities that people can pick
from,h said Urbanek. gThe bottom line is that we have a problem.h
Fixes Made
Funding for the Kentucky
Employee Retirement System would decline to 23.7 percent from 40.3 percent,
according to the Boston College estimates.
Executive Director William Thielen said by e-mail that he wasnft aware that
the changes would affect the funding ratio. The rules will require the fund to
use new reporting terms andginclude significantly more informationh in financial
reports, he said.
Some municipalities have taken action to try to increase funding ahead of the
new rules taking effect: Alaska moved $3 billion from its rainy day fund to
shore up pensions. California
passed legislation to close a $74 billion gap in the California State Teachersf
Retirement System.
The new numbers may not affect debt costs in the $3.7 trillion municipal bond
market because of limited supply and small differences in yields between
issuers, said Richard
Ciccarone, president of Merritt Research Services in Chicago. Still, borrowers that donft address shortfalls may
eventually be penalized, he said.
gOver time, as the pension crisis continues, youfre going to see spreads
widening,h Ciccarone said.